Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti French: Empire The Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: دولت عليه عثمانيه, romanized: Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOsmānīye One-party military dictatorship (1913–1918) Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1876–1878 1908–1920).French (Foreign language among educated people in post-Tanzimat/the late empire).Chagatai (decrees in the 15th century).Greek (some of the sultans and among Greek-speaking community).Arabic (liturgical language among Arabic-speaking.Persian (diplomacy, poetry, historiographical works, literary works, taught in state.In 1922, Turkish nationalists abolished the sultanate, bringing an end to what was once of history’s most successful empires. Massacres and in death marches during their expulsion from Ottoman territory. Among them were around 1.5 million Armenians who were wiped out in More than two thirds of the Ottoman military becameĬasualties during World War I, and up to 3 million civilians died. Resulted in the loss of 33 percent of the empire’s remaining territory and up to 20 percent of its population.Īs World War I loomed, the Ottoman Empire entered into a secret alliance with Germany. The Young Turks who now ruled the Ottoman Empire wanted to strengthen it, spooking its Balkan neighbors. In 1908, the reform-minded Young Turks staged a full-fledged revolt and restored the constitution. Already weakened beyond recognition, Sultan Abdul Hamid II briefly flirted with the idea of constitutional monarchy before changing course in the late 1870s. By the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire was derisively called the “sick man of Europe” for its dwindling territory, economic decline, and increasing dependence on the rest of Europe. Strengthening of European powers, economic competition because of new trade routes, and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution all destabilized the once peerless empire. Until then, there had always been new territory to conquer and new lands to exploit, but after the empire failed to conquer Vienna for a second time in 1683, it began to weaken. But in the 17th century, it began to lose its stronghold. But the imperial court leftĬasualties behind, too: female slaves forced into sexual slavery as concubines male slaves expected to provide military and domestic labor and brothers of sultans, many of whom were killed or, later, imprisoned to protect the sultan from political challenges.Īt its height, the Ottoman Empire was a real player in European politics and was Under the reign of Süleiman the Magnificent, whose 16th-century lifetime represented the peak of the Ottomans’ power and influence, the arts flourished, technology and architecture reached new heights, and the empire generally enjoyed peace, religious tolerance, and economic and political stability. Rest of the Ottoman Empire’s elite had to earn their positions regardless of birth. Though it was a dynasty, only one role-that of the supreme ruler, or sultan-was hereditary. Now a dynastic empire with Istanbul as its capital, the Ottoman Empire continued to expand across the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa. The city named forĬonstantine, the first Christian emperor of Rome, then also became known as Istanbul (a version of stin polis, Greek for “in the city” or “to the city.”
In 1453, Osman’s descendants, now known as the Ottomans, finally brought the Byzantine Empire to its knees when they captured the seemingly unconquerable city of Constantinople. Osman I, a leader of a nomadic Turkic tribe from Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), began conquering the region in the late 13th century by launching raids against the weakening Christian Byzantine Empire.Īround 1299, he declared himself supreme leader of Asia Minor, and his successors expanded farther and farther into Byzantine territory with the help of foreign mercenaries. What happened to the Ottoman Empire quizlet?.What was the government in the Ottoman Empire is best described as?.What influenced the architecture of the Ottoman Empire?.What is the modern name of the Ottoman Empire?.What was the Ottoman Empire like in the 17th century?.Historiographical debate on the Ottoman state.
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